
Definition of noun phrase
A single noun added with other word(s) to specify the
noun. The position of the additional word(s) can be located before
(pre-modification) or after the noun (post-modification). Example: the book, some students, my hat, etc. In that noun phrases, the nouns are: book, students, and hat. ‘The’, ‘some’, and ‘my’ are additional words to modify or specify the
nouns.
Pre- and Post- Modification
Pre-modification:
- Determiners
- Demonstratives: this, that, these, those
- Quantifiers: some, any, each, no, etc
- Possessives: my, your, her, his, our, their
- WH-determiners: whose, what, which
- Genitives
- Adjective Phrase
- Noun
Post-modification:
- Prepositional phrase
Compund word
- Device of language to form new words by combining or
putting together old words
- Compounding word occurs when a person attaches two or
more words together to make them one word.
- The meaning of the words interrelate in such a way that a
new meaning comes out which is very different from the meaning of the words in
isolation.
Classification of compunds
Endocentric
- Consist of head (the basic meaning) and modifier
(restrict the meaning). Doghouse: house = head, dog = modifier
Exocentric
- Do nothave a head, and the meaning cannot be guessed from
its constituent parts. White-collar, barefoot, blackbear
Copulative
- Have two semantic heads: Sleepwalk, bittersweet
Appositional
- Have two (contrary) attributes which classify the
compound. Actor-director, maidservant
Type
|
Description
|
Examples
|
endocentric
|
A+B
denotes a special kind of B
|
darkroom, smalltalk
|
exocentric
|
A+B
denotes a special kind of an unexpressed semantic head
|
skinhead, paleface (head:
'person')
|
copulative
|
A+B
denotes 'the sum' of what A and B denote
|
bittersweet, sleepwalk
|
appositional
|
A and
B provide different descriptions for the same referent
|
actor-director, maidservant
|
Denominalization
- Denominalization = noun-like
- To denominalize something is to make it less noun-like
(Sumber: Materi Kuliah English Morphology Syntext UT)
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