An automobile, autocar, motor car or car
is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting
passengers,
which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term
specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have
seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be
constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods.
The term motorcar has also been used in
the context of electrified rail systems to denote a car which functions as a
small locomotive but also provides space for passengers and baggage. These
locomotive cars were often used on suburban routes by both interurban and intercity
railroad systems.
It was estimated in 2010 that the number
of automobiles had risen to over 1 billion vehicles, with 500 million reached
in 1986. The numbers are increasing rapidly, especially in China and India.
The
costs of automobile usage, which may include the cost of: acquiring the
vehicle, repairs and maintenance, fuel, depreciation, driving time, parking fees, taxes, and insurance, are weighed against
the cost of the alternatives, and the value of the benefits – perceived
and real – of vehicle usage. The benefits may include on-demand
transportation, mobility, independence and convenience.
Similarly
the costs to society of encompassing automobile use, which may include those
of: maintaining roads, land use,
pollution, public health,
health care, and of disposing of the vehicle at the end of its life, can be
balanced against the value of the benefits to society that automobile use
generates. The societal benefits may include: economy benefits, such as job and
wealth creation, of automobile production and maintenance, transportation
provision, society wellbeing derived from leisure and travel opportunities, and
revenue generation from the tax
opportunities. The ability for humans to move flexibly from place to place has
far reaching implications for the nature of societies.
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