The cat (Felis catus), also known as the domestic cat orhousecat to distinguish it from other felines and felids, is a
smalldomesticated carnivorous mammal that is valued by humans for its
companionship and ability to hunt vermin and household pests. Cats have been
associated with humans for at least 9,500 years, and are currently the most popular pet
in the world. Owing to their close association with
humans, cats are now found almost everywhere on Earth. Their adaptability,
rapid breeding rate, and predatory instincts make them effective hunters. In
some locations, cats have affected indigenous animal populations; this has led
them to be classified as an invasive
species in some areas. Many
problems are caused by the large number of feral cats worldwide, with a population of up to
60 million of these animals in the United States alone. Failure to control the
breeding of pet cats by spaying and neutering and the abandonment of former
household pets cause the development of such feral colonies.
Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with strong,
flexible bodies, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to
killing small prey. As nocturnal predators, cats use their acute hearing and
ability to see in near darkness to locate prey. Not only can cats hear sounds
too faint for human ears, they can also hear sounds higher in frequency than
humans can perceive. This is because cats' usual prey (particularly rodents
such as mice) make high frequency noises, so cats' hearing has evolved to pinpoint these faint high-pitched
sounds. Cats rely more on smell than taste, and have a vastly better sense of
smell than humans.
Despite being solitary hunters, cats are
a social species and use a variety of vocalizations, pheromones and types of body
language forcommunication.
These include meowing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and
grunting. They are also bred and
shown as registered pedigree pets. This hobby is known as cat fancy.
As The New York Times wrote in 2007, "Until recently the
cat was commonly believed to have been domesticated in ancient
Egypt, where it was a cult animal.
A study that year found that the lines of descent of all house cats probably
run through as few as fiveself-domesticating African
Wildcats (Felis silvestris
lybica) circa 8000 BC, in the Near East.
The earliest direct evidence of cat domestication is a kitten that was buried
with its owner 9,500 years ago in Cyprus.
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